Hinnah

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Ancient Egyptian Kings carried the above structures called Djed, to represent their strength and stability. A larger structure meant the King had a long and successful reign of power. The actual structure resembles the human backbone. More specifically, Egyptians associated this shape with the backbone of the King of the Underworld, Osiris.

When a King passed away a ceremony of ‘Raising the Djed’ was performed. They believed that the Djed was necessary to help transform human flesh into the spiritual form needed for the afterlife. During the ceremony the symbol of Djed would be painted on the bottom of the coffin where the king’s back would lay. This would allow the King to connect with Osiris on his journey to the afterlife. The Raising of the Djed is the one of the oldest ritualistic religious ceremonies of ancient Egypt (centuries before the building of pyramids began). Along with guiding a King into their afterlife, the ceremony also was a festival of renewal and fertility. The Djed symbol can be found in several paintings of Kings to show the King's power and stability. The symbol also extended to architecture as shown below:

Making my Djed:












Information and pictures from: Tasker, Steven. "Djed Pillar." Crystal Links//.// Cyrstallinks.com, 2006. Web. 18 Sep 2010.

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The Basilica
The outside of the Basilica has straight lines, a smoth surface, a rose window, and some arches.Straight lines help the viewer follow the building horizontally and vertically. The building is very symeterical which shows the percision that it was made with. The rose window symbolizes beauty and geometric art and is present on churches all over the world. The smooth surface makes the building less harsh and intimedating despite the huge amount of postive space the building takes up. Neighbhoorhoods surround the church establishing a sense of a diverse community.

The inside of the Basilica has arches, pillars, light colors, and straight lines. In ancient times pillars represented religion and symbolized the faith of the people. Arches are an easy and visually appealing way to add depth and shape to a building. Arches make a room seem larger and wider then do straight ceilings. Arches also help amphlify the voices of those speaking, an important aspect needed for churches. The colors are very light and not harsh, making a comfortable setting. The room is filled with positive mass, but because of the size, negative space also fills the room. From the outside the cathedral has arches, carved sculptures, a rose window, and two towers, similar to the Bailica.The scarved sculputures look like they are protecting the building which means that those who enter will also be protected. The top has a large cross, the main christian symbol. The building has a sense of power and strength from the mere massive size of the building. Both the Basilica and the Cathedral didn't have sufficent ways to look in the building and view the inside. The only real way to do so is by going inside and those curious enough will. The inside of the Cathedral does not comapre to the plain white outside. When you step inside the walls are intricately decorated with colors and carved designs. The ceilings are very high and they also have painted designs on the them. The winodws are stainglass with different desgins on them as well. The massive arches create a sense of negative space, which can be filled with people. The overall sense I think that they are trying to portray is that of beauty and welcoming. The margest upper dome has many windows that allow natural light into the Cathedral. The light coming reminds me of images of light coming from the heavens **  Research Paper   ** ** Thesis: ** In ancient Greece, the story of Oedipus Rex represented the Greek culture and served as an emotional release; Sigmund Freud established an unconscious connection between the play and the audience and incorporated psychological concepts to the plot to create the Oedipus Complex.


 * Summary: ** The premise of my paper is to connect Freudian psychoanalysis with the ancient Greek myth, Oedipus Rex, and how psychological terms can be applied to the story. Freud was a psychologist who created theories that connected the unconscious mind to our repressed desires. Freud believed that all children go through 4 stages of development that institute to the proper mental development of children. The 3rd stage is the Oedipus Complex. During this stage, Freud argued that all boys between the ages of 3-6 have a deep connection to their mother, emotional and sexual, which results in them having repressed wishes to kill their father. This wish is a result of unconscious desires that the boy is unaware of, but still experiences. From exposing the repressed wishes, and analyzing the traumatic experiences of an individual, Freud believed he could cure their neurotic tendencies. This process of analyzing earned the name, psychoanalysis. The connection that psychoanalysis has to Greek culture, moreover, Greek theater, is that Freud believed that the audience had a preoccupation with the themes of the play. Although Oedipus did not know he was killing his father and marrying his mother, Freud argued that the audience was aware of what was occurring, yet, they were able to connect with the themes of the play. Greek theater served as entertainment, but also an emotional release for men.

** Conclusion **: With the Oedipus Complex, Sigmund Freud reinstated the psychological nature of Ancient Greek Theater while developing his theories on the mind and psychoanalysis.

** 3 main Sources **: Green, Christopher. "The Origin and Development of Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud (1910)." Classics in   the History of Psychology. Psychclassics, n.d. Web. 23 Nov 2010. <http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Freud/Origin/origin1.htm    Mann, Barry. Sigmund Freud. Vero Beach, Florida: Rourke Publications Inc., 1993. 11-69. Print.

Myers, David. Myer’s Psychology for AP*. New York: Worth Publishers, 2010.

** Primary document **: "Only one variation from what might be expected must be mentioned. It was not always a single experience which occasioned the symptom, but usually several, perhaps many similar, repeated traumata cooperated in this effect. It was necessary to repeat the whole series of pathogenic memories in chronological sequence, and of course in reverse order, the last first and the first last. It was quite impossible to reach the first and often most essential trauma directly, without first clearing away those coming later" (Green). "Ladies and gentlemen, if you will permit me to generalize, as is indispensable in so brief a presentation, we may express our results up to this point in the formula: Our hysterical patientssuffer from reminiscences. Their symptoms are the remnants and the memory symbols of certain (traumatic) experiences" (Green).


 * What I learned from this primary source: **

This source was a lecture that Sigmund Freud gave in 1910. The lecture starts with him talking about a few patients that he analyzed with Josef Breuer. He talks about a girl experiencing hysterical symptoms and how she was cured after she released the emotional and traumatic experiences of her past. The above quotes talk about the cause of her neurotic tendencies. Freud developed theories in which he concluded that people suffer from repressed wishes and memoires from past traumatic experiences. He believed that in order or an adult to have a healthy mental status they need a proper upbringing in which they have room to grow through the 4 stages of psychosexual and intellectually development.

** supporting picture **:

The above diagram of an iceberg represents Freudian’s beliefs of what encompasses the mind. On the surface, humans have the conscious mind which involves their realistic thoughts and actions. Below the surface exists the unconscious, which includes fears, traumas, passions, and dreams. What Freud is attempting to get across is that what we are on the surface is not nearly as important as our unexposed foundation.


 * Interactive piece: **

For my interactive piece I met with Dean Cummins because she teaches psychology and I needed more information on the psychological background and theories of Sigmund Freud. She provided me with a source that laid out the basis of Freudian psychoanalysis and the Oedipus Complex. The source she gave me was Myer’s Psychology for AP*.