Phillip

Script:
=== Narration: Connection to History: Stonehenge is a major piece of history in that it was an amazing feat for any civilization to create during the era it was created in. For example the sheer size of the stones is impressive and shows not only devotion but the precise thinking involved in the creation of Stonehenge. === === Speculation puts the formation of Stonehenge from 3000-2200 BCE, through dating the mound it sits upon. However it is difficult to pinpoint the exact time of construction because the site was used before and after its creation. It took many years to create the site, and some contend that in its complete form Stonehenge was actually larger than it is now, and that through the ages stones were stolen, deteriorated, or were removed. The last known addition to Stonehenge was in 1600 BCE, but practices there are thought to have continued into the Iron Age since Roman and Medieval artifacts have been found near and in the site. At this time archaeologists believe and agree on that Stonehenge was a burial ground, mainly because of the unearthing of bone fragments and other such things around the site. Other theories say that Stonehenge marked a place for the dead and a transition from life to death, while others contend that it was a place for healing and ancient worship. However because the original people who erected it did not keep any written records it may never be known just quite what Stonehenge stood for. === === The first phase of Stonehenge was basically all the manipulation of earth, such as the creation of ditches and mounds in 5000 BCE. The bluestones were created in 2000 BCE, these consisted of the first real stones in Stonehenge and were in the middle of the circle, these stones were small and thought to have been taken from the Prescelly Mountains 240 miles away! To get the stones to the henge they were placed on rafts using water ways to carry the weight and then carried to their destination. The outer ring was then constructed, this ring had blocks from Marlborough Downs about 20 miles away from the henge. These blocks were considerably heavier, up to 50 tons, and are hypothesized that it would take 600 men just to move one block! To this day it is uncertain exactly who constructed Stonehenge, but one theory is that the Beaker Folk created it (such named for using ceramics to drink from). === ===  Basilica and Cathedral    Line: The lines in this picture are continuous, where one can trace the lines across the picture. For shape, this structure is geometric, where most edges are rectangular and rigid. There are not many smooth shampes or natural forms. The mass in this picture is mostly positive space, probably to make the the building seem imposing and fortified, and most of this space has been created so that light can hit every edge. ===

===This pictures has basically the same characteristics as the one above. However, instead of having a built out front, the front of this building is right under the roof. This kindof art makes the building have more negative space and have less light on the front.===



In this picture most of the mass seems to be more organic. Where the edges are rounded and things have been highly polished.


=﻿=  Research Paper: Rome after the Second Punic War

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** After the Second Punic War Rome's society became militant and elite orientated. For example, during the war the Roman elite gave money to the government to pay for the war debt, and when the war concluded they wanted their money back. Thus for Rome to get out of paying the elite, it simply gave them newly acquired land. During the war the poor people were forced to join the army and fight for 17 years and were thus unable to tend to their crops. In this time, fewer people tended the farms and less money was made by the farmers. ** =====

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**"When Hannibal had departed from Italy the** [|**Senate**] **pardoned all the Italian peoples who had sided with him, and voted a general amnesty except as to the Bruttians, who remained most zealous for him to the end. From these they took away a considerable part of their land, also their arms, if there were any that Hannibal had not taken. They were also forbidden to be enrolled in the military forces thereafter, as being no longer free persons, and they were required to attend as servants upon the consuls and** [|**praetors**] **who went about inspecting the affairs of government and the public works of the provinces. Such was the end of Hannibal's invasion of Italy"(Appian 61)** =====

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** The document is pretty self explanatory, where it can clearly be seen how Rome was willing to pardon people, except those who had fought them even when Hannibal left Rome. However this quote does show Rome's attitude to the people who fought against it and how it would make other groups become servants and second class citizens because of their actions. ** =====

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**I emailed Prof. Evans, however he did not really tell me anything, rather he told me where to go to get information. Unfortunately some of this information was inaccessible to me because I am not signed up for the journals or able to find the books in libraries.** =====